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There are reported every year hundreds of thousands of UFO sightings, abductions of people by alien crews, medical examinations of humans in nonterresrial spaceships, sexual relations with aliens, accidents, autopsies on alien corpses, and other contacts with extraterrestrial creatures.

There are many reports from all around the world describing men and women taken aboard flying saucers and having sexual intercourse with various alien races, even space babies were born. Microbes are transmitted by the direct transfer of bodily fluids, such as blood and blood products, semen, and other genital secretions from one person to another; they can enter the body through the lining of the vagina, penis, rectum, or mouth. The microbes also can be transmitted across the placenta.

Every day millions of samples of human blood, tissue, saliva, urine, feces, etc. are collected and sent to labs to be analyzed. Not even a single researcher, physician, or medical technician has ever reported an alien microorganism or alienosis.

There are persistent rumors that among the debris of the supposed UFO which crashed near Roswell there were found dead bodies of ET astronauts. In 1947, Colonel Philip J. Corso claims to have seen the corpse of a dead alien in a wooden crate; it was supposedly one of the creatures that had been killed in the crash. Grady "Barney" Barnett, a government engineer, told friends and his son that he was one of the first to reach the crash site. He saw a disc-shaped object and dead bodies of aliens. Dr. Weisberg, university physics professor, said he examined the disc. According to him, the interior was badly damaged and there were six occupants; an autopsy on one of them revealed that they resembled humans.

Rescue, military, and medical personnel reported dead alien corpses at Roswell and other crash sites. Many have been given autopsy examination. Witnesses claim that they saw in an underground base a room full of canisters where bodies of dead aliens were stored. There are also reported graves of extraterrestrial beings. According to researcher Leonard Stringfield, the U.S. has recovered a total of more than thirty bodies from crashed alien space crafts. The UFOlogist Timothy G. Beckley supposes that about 110 extraterrestrial spaceships have crashed around the globe.

Since 1995, hundreds of televisions all around the world have broadcast an alien autopsy film. Ray Santilli, a London-based film producer, claims to have bought it from a cameraman who had taken the footage in 1947 at the crash site near Roswell.

There are dozens of autopsy reports on alien cadavers recovered from various crash sites. Glenn Dennis had been the Roswell mortician in 1947. According to him, he had seen debris of the crashed flying saucer and had been told about corpses of smallish extraterrestrials by a friend. On the evening that the alien bodies had been recovered, he "blundered" into the Roswell Army Hospital. A nasty officer confronted him, and Dennis had been warned that if he ever told anyone about the crash or the alien bodies, "they will be picking your bones from the sand."

There are interviews with several medical doctors who did autopsies on ET bodies.

Jamie Shandera, documentary moviemaker and UFOlogist, claims that he anonymously received a packet which contained two rolls of undeveloped 35-mm film. He developed the film, which appeared to be part of a briefing report to the newly elected President Dwight D. Eisenhower, describing details of the Roswell flying saucer crash. According to these film reports, four alien corpses were among the debris of the downed extraterrestrial spacecraft; they had been mutilated by desert scavengers and were heavily decomposed due to exposure to the elements.
Such decomposing alien corpses at the crash sites, their blood, urine, feces, saliva, etc. are for sure source of extraterrestrial contamination. The healthy nonterrestrial astronauts are dangerous, too. They could cause deadly alienoses. The autopsies and the preservation of alien bodies after WWII were not safe enough to modern standards, and contamination with ET microorganisms was inevitable. In any manned alien space ship there should be food, canisters with samples of tissues and microbes, medicines, drinks, breathing air, plants, hardware, all kind of supplies, and so on which are all sources of microbial contamination. The governments on Earth could hide alien corpses, but they are not in the position to hide microorganisms left by extraterrestrial visitors. It's just impossible. No government (official, shadowy, secret, mythical, mystical, or whatever), organization, or individual on our planet has the technology to do that.

Where are all of the microbes left by the supposed aliens? It is highly improbable that the extraterrestrial microfauna is identical to these on Earth. Only one surviving bacterium or virus could multiply into billions in no time. There are many billions of microbes just in one body (dead or alive).
What could be worse for space travelers than a catastrophic breach in their high-tech protective spacesuits, which provide life-saving flow of breathing air and protecting against alien germs? According to numerous alien encounter reports, humans were in close contact with extraterrestrial astronauts which are depicted to breath terrestrial air, drink water, eat human food, and so on, and most of them don't even wear adequate protective suits and helmets, but only some fancy skin-tight suits, silver suits, yellow ski suits, jump suits, even Nazi military uniforms. Some aliens were dressed like humans or in some sort of mocking space suits, but many of them were actually naked during the contacts. Millions of humans are reported to enter alien spaceships and none of them were wearing protective suit. Germ contamination is equally dangerous for humans and extraterrestrials.

Researchers still haven't detected extraterrestrial microorganisms on Earth, and one can conclude that there aren't any manned visitations (now and in the past) by extraterrestrial civilizations or if there are any, they are very limited by number and activities and are under strict control.

In 1347 an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China and spread throughout Asia and to Europe. The plague mostly affected rodents, but fleas could transmit the disease to people, too. Once people were infected, they infected others very rapidly. For five years, 25 million people, one-third of Europe's population, were dead due to the Black Death. The disease killed with terrible speed. Boccaccio, the author of the Decameron, said that its victims in many cases "ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors in paradise."

About 50 percent of the native inhabitants of the Polynesian and the Hawaiian Islands died as a result of imported microbes by foreign seamen.

During the Spanish conquest of Mexico, smallpox and other diseases killed millions of Native Americans which had no natural resistance to these infections. Smallpox killed three of every four Hopis and later the epidemics reduced them to a few hundred. Chicken pox and measles, which are common and rarely fatal among Europeans, often proved fatal to Native Americans.

The 40?50 million deaths incurred in World War II make it the bloodiest military conflict as well as the largest war in human history. Tiny microorganisms can be as deadly as grand-scale wars. The Spanish influenza epidemic was among the most devastating epidemics in human history. In 1918-1919, between 30 and 50 million people throughout the world were killed by the Spanish Influenza. The effect of the pandemic was so severe that the average life span in U.S. was depressed by 10 years.

Now modern science still can't stop AIDS, and the global epidemic is larger and more far-reaching than epidemiologists believed possible a decade ago. Scientists predict that in the next 20 years, 70 million people will die of AIDS.

And these are domestic germs. Extraterrestrial microbial contamination could set back the human development for centuries or even wipe out all of us.

Humans, like all extraterrestrial civilizations, should create a reliable space-based surveillance and reconnaissance system able to detect, quarantine, or destroy any alien life form which could be dangerous for the terrestrial flora and fauna. The human immune system protects the body from pathogens, foreign substances, malignant, and infected cells by destroying them. We should create similar protective system in the Solar System in order to survive.

Humans are still alive because they aren't here: the extraterrestrials and their alien microbes.

For their own good the space civilization are separated by huge interstellar distances, but inevitably will come the phase of contacts and competition.

The space civilizations will closely encounter each another when most of them are in a position to survive such contacts.

VON NEUMANN MACHINES

Extraterrestrial Intelligent Beings Do Not Exist is the title of an article by Frank Tipler. In his view, older or more advanced civilizations would use self-replicating probes to explore, control, and colonize the Galaxy in a very short time compared with its age of about 13.7 billion years. In his article, he concludes that if intelligent beings exist, their probes should already be here?but there is no evidence of extraterrestrial robotic spacecrafts: ergo, such beings do not exist. Tipler's argument is actually a version of the Fermi paradox.

Self-replicating robotic spacecrafts, called von Neumann probes after John von Neumann who established the mathematical laws of self-replicating systems, are considered an economical method of exploring and colonizing space. The notion is that they utilize local materials to build numerous exact copies of themselves which would be launched to the nearest stars, where the process would be repeated.

The impressive idea for robotic colonization of the Galaxy through von Neumann probes has two major disadvantages:

1. Soon after the self-replicating probes are set out across space, they would already be outdated because science and technology are developing very quickly, and the space distances are too vast. Year after year the technological civilizations should send into deep space more and more probes, for the previous ones are already outdated antiques of limited use, if any. According to their flight plans, the robotic spacecrafts should travel many thousands and even millions of years.

The problem with the quick outdating of robotic probes could be solved partially by reprogramming the replicators via radio signals. The billions spent on setting up a gigantic radio network would be money wasted because: first, such a method of communication and reprogramming is very slow and highly unreliable?the radio signal carrying sophisticated instructions should travel many thousands of years (about 120,000 years in order to cross the Milky Way Galaxy) via numerous relay stations; and second, many of the self-replicating machines would turn into useless trash or, more importantly, into dangerous idiots because of mistakes due to computers or intelligent species, to all kind of technical failures, errors, viruses, software and hardware mutations, inevitable accidents, electromagnetic noise, jokes (some "intelligent" guys have an unsuspected and nasty sense of humor), hostile activities, and so on, and so on.

2. Countless self-replicating machines of all technological generations made by millions of civilizations would spread out like space techno-cancer, devastating almost everything they encounter, self-replicating themselves following their code to reproduce.

Carl Sagan and William Newman have argued that no civilization would dare build such machines for fear that they would mutate into monsters that would destroy the entire Galaxy. But Nature doesn't rely on ethics. On Earth all possible wrongdoings have been done?except the ultimate one: humans still haven't self-destroyed themselves. The uniformity of the Universe leads us to expect that many things elsewhere in the cosmos will be the same as they are here on our home planet: so, the wrongdoers and silly persons of all sorts are all around the Universe.

Imagine what would happen if only a single autonomous self-replicating probe touch down somewhere in the Solar System, and following its program begins to reproduce itself on the Moon, on Mars, on thousands of asteroids, on the satellites of planets... Soon we would detect the launching of millions and millions of probes which would be landing on all possible space bodies around the Earth. These machines would arrive on our planet, too, millions of them. The unwelcomed high-tech visitors on Earth would be only a small part of the countless swarms of self-replicators roaming the Solar System, looking for local materials in order to utilize them. They would infest our entire home star system. But would they be just harmless robotic probes with sophisticated artificial intelligence which would stop to replicate and leave the Solar System after detecting life and intelligence? Maybe some of them would try to communicate with us and send back signals to their creators; some might continue to replicate ignoring humans; some might even wage a war against the intruders?us. They would consider the Solar System their home territory. These machines would not be malicious, they would just be following simple program instructions to survive and replicate themselves, with deadly consequences for us.
Von Neumann machines could also be used as deadly weapons in wars or by terrorists on Earth or in space. The self-replicating robotic berserkers would destroy everything they encounter in the enemy space. People most often imagine these killing machines to be huge metal bastards creaking loudly and throwing flares and missiles; as a matter of fact, they might also be tiny or even (almost) invisible, but highly dangerous.

Humans still don't have the recourses to beat off encroaching self-replicating machines.

POPOFF MACHINES

The problems with the von Neumann probes could be solved by adding two new elements and removing the unnecessary and dangerous self-replicating unit, controlled by an autonomous computer.

The first element to be added, in order to get a safe and controllable robotic probe, is a matrix: a personal, standard interface software mediating between human and machine intelligence. This software should be standardized by the authorities, hence the name matrix, in order to be avoided misuses and for better control of the artificial intelligence and machines.

The personal matrix significantly enhances the mind capacity and productivity. It accelerates the thinking process; there is no limitation of memory storage, provides instantaneous access to all human knowledge, etc. The human/matrix structure posses both the advantages of the human brain and of artificial intelligence; thus the machine intelligence could not dominate people, because, through the matrix, humans would have all of the qualities of the machines and the artificial intelligence. In that way machines couldn't outsmart the human race?a major concern of scholars, futurists, writers, etc.

The matrices could be made an integral part of the human brain through a microchip implant, feeding impulses directly into the brain and giving commands with our thought. But to use the power of the matrix, it is not required to have an implant. A good computer is enough, too. The implant just makes the operating much easier, quicker, comfortable, and much more effective.

The second necessary element to be added is instantaneous communication through channel based on quantum entanglement (or some other novel technology). The laws of modern physics limit the speed of material objects, but not of information. Such channels would be reliable, high secured, and cost-efficient.

The instantaneous info channels and the matrix enabled robotic equipment would provide high-performance telepresence: this is the ability to experience in real time another locale or another world via remote robotic "eyes" to see, "feet" to move, and "hands" to manipulate. The experience of "being there," "amusing oneself there," or "working there" would no more require one physically to be there?even if the place of residence is many star systems away.

The instantaneous data channels and the matrix resolve the disadvantages of uncontrolled self-replication and quick outdating of the interstellar robotic probes: one could update the software and the hardware on a regular basis. There is no need of an autonomous computer with intelligence close to the human level and of self-replicating units.

The new space probes could trace a huge network of instantaneous data channels and spread out huge amounts of machines into the cosmos which are managed and controlled through quantum channels and personal interface software; from local materials they would be able to manufacture robotic factories, power plants, all kinds of production machines, new space probes, robots, elements of defense systems, and so on.

Humans could control robots, artificial intelligence, and devices through this technology (robotic telepresence based on instantaneous communication and matrices) not only in remote real environment, but also in hazard areas and situations like bomb disposal, mining, military operations, subsea works, rescue of victims from fire, dangerous radiation, toxic atmospheres, or even hostage situations. The applications are practically countless: remote surgery, entertainment, education, and so further. They can also be used to a change in scale, where for an example a surgeon may use micromanipulator technology to conduct surgery on a microscopic level; for construction of incredibly small nanodevices, etc.

It is inevitable humans to face both properly functioning and damaged von Neumann machines (robotic self-replicating devices and spacecrafts controlled by autonomous artificial intelligence) and machines postulated by Popoff (matrix enabled robotic machines providing telepresence which are operated over instantaneous data channels).

In order to survive, all space civilizations should be able to stop alien ships, self-replicating machines, Popoff machines, or probes from entering their habitat (their solar system at this stage of development) and have the technological and military power to destroy them, if necessary.

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